PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.